The Facts
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is the new term for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). You don't necessarily have to have sex to get sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - but sexual activity is the most common way for them to be spread. STIs are a group of infections similar to one another only in that they can be acquired through sexual contact. The infections are caused by different organisms and have a wide variety of symptoms.
Here are some of the most common STIs:
- Chlamydia occurs most often in teens and young adults, with females
much more likely to get it than males. It is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia
trachomatis. Chlamydia is one of the
most common STIs in the United States.
- Gonorrhea is an infection by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea. Teens and young adults represent almost half of all cases that are reported. If this condition is not treated, it may lead to infertility in both men and women.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital warts. It is also a very
common STI in the United States, especially among teens
and young adults. Research shows that the virus that causes genital warts
is also linked to cervical cancer.
- Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is less common but still remains
a cause for concern. Its frequency has dropped significantly over the last
few decades; however, the rate has been increasing again since 2000. In 2004, almost 8,000 cases of syphilis were reported in the United States.
- HIV is the viral infection that can cause AIDS. This virus attacks cells of the immune system, leaving a person defenseless against many other infections and their complications.
- Hepatitis B is caused by a virus that infects the liver. There is no cure for this condition, but a vaccine is available to protect you against the virus.
- Genital herpes, which produces cold-sore-type lesions, is also caused by a virus. Once the herpes virus enters your body it is there for the rest of your life. Symptoms of the infection may occur without warning.
- Chancroid, a bacterial infection of the genitals, was once rare in North America, but has become more frequent in recent years. It can cause genital ulcers.
- Pubic lice, also known as "crabs" is an infestation of the genital area by lice (tiny, wingless insects).
Causes
STIs are usually caused by bacteria or viruses. Your chances of getting them are highest if:
- you have unprotected sex
- a condom tears during intercourse
- your sexual partner has an STI
- your partner is engaging in sex with other people
In some cases, such as with HIV or hepatitis B, viruses can also be spread through infected blood or shared needles and syringes, including those used for drugs, body piercing, or tattoos. Pregnant women can pass certain infections (e.g., HIV) on to their babies prior to or during birth, or while breast-feeding.
Growth of genital warts caused by HPV may appear during pregnancy because of
changes in hormone levels.
